Spring 如何使用注解实现事务管理呢?

下文讲述Spring使用注解使用事务管理的方法分享

实现思路:
使用 Annotation 需进行以下设置
1.在 Spring 容器中注册驱动 
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="txManager" />
2.在需要使用事务的业务类或者方法中添加注解 @Transactional，
 并配置 @Transactional 的参数
@Transactional参数如下所示: 
propagation：设置事务的传播行为 
isolation：设置事务的隔离级别 
readOnly：设置是读写事务还是只读事务 
timeout：事务超时事件（单位：s） 

例：

1. 创建 SpringDemo 项目
2. 在 src 目录下创建 com.java265 包
3. 导入 Spring 相关 JAR 包及 mysql-connector-java.x.x.x.jar 包
4. 在 com.java265 包下创建 User、UserDao、UserDaoImpl、Beans.xml 和 MainApp
5. 运行 SpringDemo 项目

User 类

package com.java265;
public class User {
    private int id;
    private String name;
    private int age;
    public User() {
    }
    public User(String name, Integer age) {
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }
    
    // 省略set和get方法
}

UserDao

package com.java265;
import java.util.list;
public interface UserDao {
    /**
     * 初始化User表
     */
    void createUserTable();
    /**
     * 保存用户
     */
    void saveUser(User user);
    /**
     * 查询用户
     */
    List<User> listUser();
}

UserDaoImpl 类

package com.java265;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.util.List;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate;
import org.springframework.jdbc.core.RowMapper;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Isolation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
@Transactional(propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, isolation = Isolation.DEFAULT, readOnly = false)
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao {
    private JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate;
    private UserDao userDao;
    public JdbcTemplate getJdbcTemplate() {
        return jdbcTemplate;
    }
    public void setJdbcTemplate(JdbcTemplate jdbcTemplate) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = jdbcTemplate;
    }
    public UserDao getUserDao() {
        return userDao;
    }
    public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
        this.userDao = userDao;
    }
    public void setDataSource(DataSource datasource) {
        this.jdbcTemplate = new JdbcTemplate(datasource);
    }
    @Override
    public void createUserTable() {
        this.jdbcTemplate.execute("CREATE TABLE `user` (\r\n" + "  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,\r\n"
                + "  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,\r\n" + "  `age` int(4) DEFAULT NULL,\r\n"
                + "  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)\r\n" + ") ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;");
    }
    @Override
    public void saveUser(User user) {
        try {
            this.jdbcTemplate.update("INSERT INTO USER(NAME,age) VALUES (?,?)", user.getName(), user.getAge());
            this.jdbcTemplate.update("INSERT INTO USER(NAME,age) VALUES (?,?)", "google", 16);
            throw new RuntimeException("simulate Error condition");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            System.out.println("Error in creating record, rolling back");
            throw e;
        }
    }
    @Override
    public List<User> listUser() {
        List<User> users = this.jdbcTemplate.query("SELECT NAME,age FROM USER", new RowMapper<User>() {
            public User mapRow(ResultSet rs, int rowNum) throws SQLException {
                User user = new User();
                user.setName(rs.getString("name"));
                user.setAge(rs.getInt("age"));
                return user;
            }
        });
        return users;
    }
}

@Transactional 注解的参数之间可以使用“，”进行分隔

Beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
       http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd">
    <!-- 配置数据源 -->
    <bean id="dataSource"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DriverManagerDataSource">
        <!--数据库驱动 -->
        <property name="driverClassName"
            value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
        <!--连接数据库的url -->
        <property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost/test" />
        <!--连接数据库的用户名 -->
        <property name="username" value="root" />
        <!--连接数据库的密码 -->
        <property name="password" value="root" />
    </bean>
    <!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
    <bean id="transactionManager"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="jdbcTemplate"
        class="org.springframework.jdbc.core.JdbcTemplate">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
    </bean>
    <bean id="userdao" class="com.java265.UserDaoImpl">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="jdbcTemplate" ref="jdbcTemplate" />
    </bean>
    <!-- 注册事务管理驱动 -->
    <tx:annotation-driven
        transaction-manager="transactionManager" />
</beans>

MainApp 类

package com.java265;
import java.util.List;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class MainApp {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        ApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Beans.xml");
        UserDao dao = (UserDao) ctx.getBean("userdao");
        dao.createUserTable();
        dao.saveUser(new User("bianchengbang", 12));
        dao.saveUser(new User("baidu", 18));
        List users = dao.listUser();
        for (User user : users) {
            System.out.println("姓名：" + user.getName() + "\t年龄：" + user.getAge());
        }
    }
}

运行结果---
Error in creating record, rolling back
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: simulate Error condition
...